① Kuchepetsa mafuta
1. Ntchito: Chotsani madontho amafuta amafuta ndi zinyalala zina pamtunda wa zinthuzo kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino za electroplating ndikupewa kuipitsidwa ndi njira zotsatila.
2. Kutentha kosiyanasiyana: 40 ~ 60 ℃
3. Njira yochitira:
Mothandizidwa ndi saponification ndi emulsification ya yankho, cholinga chochotsa madontho a mafuta chikhoza kutheka.
Kuchotsa mafuta a nyama ndi masamba kumachokera ku saponification reaction.Zomwe zimatchedwa saponification ndi njira yopangira mankhwala pakati pa mafuta ndi alkali mumadzi otsekemera kuti apange sopo.Mafuta omwe poyamba anali osasungunuka m'madzi amawola kukhala sopo ndi glycerin omwe amasungunuka m'madzi, kenako amachotsedwa.
4. Nkhani zofunika kuziganizira:
1) Akupanga oscillation akhoza kumapangitsanso degreasing zotsatira.
2) Pamene kuchuluka kwa ufa wa degreasing sikukwanira, zotsatira zowonongeka sizingatheke;pamene ndende ikukwera kwambiri, kutayika kudzakhala kwakukulu ndipo mtengo wake udzawonjezeka, choncho uyenera kuyendetsedwa mkati mwazoyenera.
3) Pamene kutentha sikukwanira, zotsatira zowonongeka sizili bwino.Kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kungachepetse kugwedezeka kwapamwamba kwa yankho ndi mafuta ndikufulumizitsa zotsatira zowonongeka;kutentha kukakhala kokwera kwambiri, zinthuzo zimakhala ndi mapindikidwe.Kutentha kuyenera kuyendetsedwa mosamalitsa panthawi yogwira ntchito.
4) Pambuyo pochotsa mafuta, pamwamba pa zinthuzo ziyenera kunyowa kwathunthu.Ngati pali kunyansidwa koonekeratu pakati pa madontho amadzi ndi mawonekedwe azinthu, zikutanthauza kuti ntchitoyi sinakwaniritse zofunikira.Bwerezani ntchitoyo ndikusintha magawo munthawi yake.
②Kutupa
Njira yochitira:
Wothandizira kutupa amakulitsa workpiece kuti akwaniritse zowonongeka zazing'ono, ndikufewetsa zinthuzo, kumasula kupsinjika kosagwirizana komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha jekeseni kapena zinthu, kotero kuti ndondomeko yowonongeka ikhoza kukhala yofanana komanso yowonongeka.
Njira yowunikira kupsinjika kwamkati kwa zinthu za electroplating idzakhala yosiyana ndi zida zosiyanasiyana.Kwa ABS, njira yothira glacial acetic acid imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
③Kukodola
1. Kutentha kosiyanasiyana: 63 ~ 69 ℃
2. Pulasitiki ya ABS ndi terpolymer ya acrylonitrile (A), butadiene (B) ndi styrene (S).Pa ndondomeko roughening, ndi particles pulasitiki zili kupanga maenje, kupanga pamwamba hydrophobic kuti hydrophilic, kotero kuti plating wosanjikiza amamatira ku pulasitiki mbali ndi zolimba omangika.
Kusamalitsa:
1) Yankho la chromium lalitali limasungunuka mwachangu komanso kuthamanga kwamphamvu komanso kumamatira kwabwino;koma pamene mtengo wa chromic acid ndi sulfuric acid ndi woposa 800 g/L, yankho lidzathamanga, choncho m'pofunika kusunga mpweya.
2) Pamene ndende ndi osakwanira, coarsening zotsatira ndi osauka;pamene ndende yachuluka kwambiri, ndizosavuta kuwonjezereka, kuwononga zinthuzo, ndi kutulutsa kutayika kwakukulu ndikuwonjezera mtengo.
3) Kutentha kukakhala kosakwanira, roughening zotsatira si zabwino, ndipo pamene kutentha kwambiri, zinthu sachedwa mapindikidwe.
④Neutralization (chinthu chachikulu ndi hydrochloric acid)
1. Ntchito: Yeretsani chromium ya hexavalent yotsalira mu ma micropores a zinthuzo pambuyo pa kukhwinyata ndi dzimbiri kuti mupewe kuipitsa mtsogolo.
2. Njira yochitirapo kanthu: Pa nthawi ya roughening, tinthu tating'ono ta mphira timasungunuka, kupanga maenje, ndipo mkati mwake mumakhala madzi owala.Chifukwa hexavalent chromium ion mumadzi owumitsa ali ndi ma oxidizing amphamvu, imayipitsa njira yotsatila.Hydrochloric acid imatha kuchepetsa ku trivalent chromium ayoni, potero kutaya ma oxidizing katundu.
3. Nkhani zofunika kuziganizira:
1) Hydrochloric acid ndiyosavuta kuyimitsa, kuyambitsa kwa gasi kumatha kupangitsa kuti pakhale kusinthasintha komanso kuyeretsa, koma mpweya wake siwosavuta kukhala waukulu kwambiri, kuti mupewe kutayika kwa hydrochloric acid volatilization.
2) Pamene ndende ndi osakwanira, kuyeretsa zotsatira ndi osauka;pamene ndende ikukwera kwambiri, kutayika konyamula kumakhala kwakukulu ndipo mtengo ukuwonjezeka.
3) Kutentha kwa kutentha kumatha kupititsa patsogolo kuyeretsa.Kutentha kukakhala kokwera kwambiri, kuwonongeka kwa volatilization kudzakhala kwakukulu, zomwe zidzawonjezera mtengo ndikuipitsa mpweya.
4) Mukagwiritsidwa ntchito, ma chromium ion a trivalent adzaunjikana ndikuwonjezeka.Madziwo akakhala obiriwira kwambiri, zikutanthauza kuti pali ma chromium ion ambiri a trivalent ndipo ayenera kusinthidwa pafupipafupi.
⑤ Kuyambitsa (catalysis)
1. Ntchito: Ikani wosanjikiza wa colloidal palladium yokhala ndi ntchito yothandiza pamwamba pa zinthuzo.
2. Njira yochitirapo kanthu: ma polima okhala ndi magulu ogwira ntchito amatha kupanga zovuta ndi ayoni azitsulo zamtengo wapatali.
3. Chitetezo:
1) Osasokoneza madzi oyambitsa, apo ayi zipangitsa kuti woyambitsayo awonongeke.
2) Kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kumatha kuwonjezera zotsatira za kumira kwa palladium.Kutentha kukakwera kwambiri, activator imawola.
3) Pamene ndende ya activator sikokwanira, palladium mpweya zotsatira sikokwanira;pamene ndende ikukwera kwambiri, kutayika konyamula kumakhala kwakukulu ndipo mtengo umawonjezeka.
⑥ Chemical faifi tambala
1. Kutentha kosiyanasiyana: 25 ~ 40 ℃
2. Ntchito: Ikani chitsulo chosanjikiza yunifolomu pamwamba pa zinthuzo, kuti zinthu zisinthe kuchoka kwa osakhala conductor kupita ku conductor.
3. Nkhani zofunika kuziganizira:
1) Hypophosphorous acid ndi wothandizira kuchepetsa faifi tambala.Zomwe zili pamwambazi, liwiro loyika lidzawonjezeka ndipo plating wosanjikiza idzakhala yakuda, koma kukhazikika kwa njira yopangira plating kudzakhala kosauka, ndipo kumathandizira kuchuluka kwa ma radicals a hypophosphite, ndipo njira yopangira plating idzakhala yosavuta kuwola.
2) Pamene kutentha kumawonjezeka, kuchuluka kwa njira yothetsera plating kumawonjezeka.Kutentha kukakhala kokwera kwambiri, chifukwa kuchuluka kwake kumathamanga kwambiri, njira yopangira plating imakonda kudziwononga yokha ndipo moyo wothetsera umafupikitsidwa.
3) Mtengo wa pH ndiwotsika, liwiro la sedimentation la yankho limachedwa, ndipo liwiro la sedimentation limawonjezeka pH ikakwera.Mtengo wa PH ukakhala wokwera kwambiri, zokutira zimayikidwa mwachangu komanso osanenepa mokwanira, ndipo tinthu tating'onoting'ono timatha kupangidwa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-27-2023